Try this:
with "Aglianico Del Vulture DOC Serpara 2010 Re Manfredi
!" as strg1
with apoc.text.replace(strg1, '[^a-zA-Z]', ' ') as strg
return apoc.text.replace(strg, 'DOC', ' ') as final
You can always change the last with in order to include a whole list.
with "(DOCG|DOP|DOC|IGP|IGT)" as bList
with "Aglianico Del Vulture IGP DOC Serpara 2010 Re Manfredi
!" as strg1, bList
with apoc.text.replace(strg1, '[^a-zA-Z]', ' ') as strg, bList
return trim(apoc.text.replace(strg, bList, ' ')) as final
Btw, are you sure that your Regex worked on regex101?