# Creating relations between countries in neo4j using python

**URL:** <https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030>\
**Category:** Neo4j Graph Platform\
**Tags:** migrated\
**Created:** [November 22, 2022, 7:04pm UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030 "2022-11-22T19:04:13Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 7\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![laureee777](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/l/d9b06d/32.png) [@laureee777](https://community.neo4j.com/u/laureee777)\
**Post date:** [November 22, 2022, 7:04pm UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030/1 "2022-11-22T19:04:13Z")

</div>

Hi,

I need help with creating relations between countries in neo4j using python. I have a code, but in neo4j browser it doesn't create relations.

```python
from neo4j import GraphDatabase
driver = GraphDatabase.driver("neo4j://localhost:7687",
                              auth=("neo4j", "test"))

def create_country(tx, name,continent,population_mln,govrm_system,bcountry):
    tx.run("CREATE (a:Country {name: $name,continent: $continent,population_mln: $population_mln,govrm_system:$govrm_system,bcountry: $bcountry})",
           name=name,continent=continent,population_mln=population_mln,govrm_system=govrm_system,bcountry=bcountry)

with driver.session() as session:
    session.execute_write(create_country, "russia","Asia",143,"terrorist state",["Kazakhstan","Lithuania","Finland","China","Japan"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "India","Asia",1393,"Parliamentary Republic","China")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "China","Asia",1412,"One-party state",["India","russia","Philipines","Japan"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Poland","Europe",37,"Parliamentary Republic",["Lithuania","Germany","Czechia"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Kazakhstan","Asia",19,"Presidential system Republic","russia")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Lithuania","Europe",2.7,"Parliamentary Republic",["russia","Poland"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Finland","Europe",5.5,"Parliamentary Republic","russia")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Philipines","Asia",111,"Parliamentary Republic",["Japan","China"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Japan","Asia",125,"Constitutional Monarchy",["Philipines","China","russia"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Germany","Europoe",83,"Parliamentary Republic",["Czechia","Austria","Poland"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Czechia","Europoe",10,"Parliamentary Republic",["Austria","Poland","Germany"])
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Austria","Europoe",9,"Parliamentary Republic",["Czechia","Germany"])

def create_bordering_country(tx, name, bcountry):
    tx.run("FOREACH (n IN a.bcountry | MERGE (bcountry:Country {name: n}) MERGE (a)-[:HAS_BORDER_WITH]-(bcountry))") 

```

It should look like this:

![Screenshot 2022-11-22 at 21.02.12.png](https://us1.discourse-cdn.com/flex021/uploads/neo4jcommunity/original/3X/9/e/9e4f394d46909b8a11bbf7c0ebec2d44e9aff4b0.png "Screenshot 2022-11-22 at 21.02.12.png")

What I get in neo4j:

![Screenshot 2022-11-22 at 21.03.00.png](https://us1.discourse-cdn.com/flex021/uploads/neo4jcommunity/original/3X/e/7/e7430eba137cec08eab59022ac80723b3b6a91f7.png "Screenshot 2022-11-22 at 21.03.00.png")

I also tried to do like this, but then I get duplicates of countries:

```python
def create_bordering_country(tx, name, bcountry):
    tx.run("MATCH (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $name "
           "MERGE (a)-[:HAS_BORDER_WITH]-(:Country {name: $bcountry}) RETURN DISTINCT a.name",
           name=name, bcountry=bcountry)

session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "russia", "China")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "India", "China")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "russia", "Kazakhstan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "russia", "Lithuania")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "russia", "Finland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Poland", "Lithuania")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "China", "Japan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Russia", "Japan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Philipines", "Japan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Philipines", "China")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Germany", "Poland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Austria", "Poland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Czechia", "Poland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Czechia", "Austria")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Czechia", "Germany")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Germany", "Austria") 

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![glilienfield](https://sea1.discourse-cdn.com/flex021/user_avatar/community.neo4j.com/glilienfield/32/27534_2.png) [@glilienfield](https://community.neo4j.com/u/glilienfield)\
**Post date:** [November 22, 2022, 9:57pm UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030/2 "2022-11-22T21:57:21Z")

</div>

1. I don’t see the variable ‘a’ defined in the following method in your first block of code. It’s used in your forEach loop.

```auto
create_bordering_country

```

1. I believe you are getting duplicate Country nodes because of the following block of code. Refactor the code to match on the Country node and then use the binding variable in the merge statement, so you have something like ‘MERGE (a)-[:HAS\_BORDER\_WITH]-(b)’, where ‘b’ is the binding variable from the new match.

```auto
MERGE (a)-[:HAS_BORDER_WITH]-(:Country {name: $bcountry})

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![john.stegeman](https://sea1.discourse-cdn.com/flex021/user_avatar/community.neo4j.com/john.stegeman/32/26277_2.png) [@john.stegeman](https://community.neo4j.com/u/john.stegeman)\
**Post date:** [November 23, 2022, 12:33pm UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030/3 "2022-11-23T12:33:43Z")

</div>

[@laureee777](https://community.neo4j.com/t5/user/viewprofilepage/user-id/15907) just two minor issues (one syntax, one semantic).

First: session.execute\_write(create\_country, "russia","Asia",143,"terrorist state") - should be "Russia"

Second,

```auto
def create_bordering_country(tx, name, bcountry):
   tx.run("MERGE (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $name"
   "MERGE (b:Country) WHERE b.name = $bcountry"
   "MERGE (a)-[:HAS_BORDER_WITH]-(b) RETURN a.name")

```

You really want to MATCH the countries (not MERGE) and also you forgot your parameters. I tried this:

```auto
def create_bordering_country(tx, name, bcountry):
    tx.run("MATCH (a:Country {name: $name}), (b:Country {name: $bcountry}) \nMERGE (a)-[:HAS_BORDER_WITH]-(b) RETURN a.name", name=name, bcountry=bcountry)

```

The whole thing:

```auto
from neo4j import GraphDatabase
driver = GraphDatabase.driver("xxxx", auth=("xxxx", "xxxx"))

def create_country(tx, name,continent,population_mln,govrm_system):
    tx.run("CREATE (a:Country {name: $name,continent: $continent,population_mln: $population_mln,govrm_system:$govrm_system})", name=name,continent=continent,population_mln=population_mln,govrm_system=govrm_system)

def create_bordering_country(tx, name, bcountry):
    tx.run("MATCH (a:Country {name: $name}), (b:Country {name: $bcountry}) \nMERGE (a)-[:HAS_BORDER_WITH]-(b) RETURN a.name", name=name, bcountry=bcountry)

def create_organization(tx, name,founded,headquarters):
    tx.run("CREATE (a:Organization {name: $name,founded: $founded,headquarters: $headquarters})", name=name,founded=founded,headquarters=headquarters)

def create_head_of_state(tx, name,term):
    tx.run("CREATE (a:head_of_state {name: $name,term: $term})", name=name,term=term)

with driver.session() as session:
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Russia","Asia",143,"terrorist state")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "India","Asia",1393,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "China","Asia",1412,"One-party state")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Poland","Europe",37,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Kazakhstan","Asia",19,"Presidential system Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Lithuania","Europe",2.7,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Finland","Europe",5.5,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Philipines","Asia",111,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Japan","Asia",125,"Constitutional Monarchy")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Germany","Europoe",83,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Czechia","Europoe",10,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_country, "Austria","Europoe",9,"Parliamentary Republic")
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "V.Putin",2000)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Droupadi Murmu",2022)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Xi Jinping",2013)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "A.Duda",2015)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",2019)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "G.Nausėda",2019)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Sauli Niinistö",2012)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Bongbong Marcos",2022)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Fumio Kishida", 2021)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Frank-Walter Steinmeier",2017)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "M.Zeman",2013)
    session.execute_write(create_head_of_state, "Alexander Van der Bellen",2017)
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Russia", "China")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "India", "China")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Russia", "Kazakhstan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Russia", "Lithuania")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Russia", "Finland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Poland", "Lithuania")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "China", "Japan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Russia", "Japan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Philipines", "Japan")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Philipines", "China")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Germany", "Poland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Austria", "Poland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Czechia", "Poland")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Czechia", "Austria")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Czechia", "Germany")
    session.execute_write(create_bordering_country, "Germany", "Austria")
    session.execute_write(create_organization, "NATO",1949,"Belgium")
    session.execute_write(create_organization, "APEC",1989,"Singapore") #Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
    session.execute_write(create_organization, "COE",1949,"France") #Council of Europe
    session.execute_write(create_organization, "EU",1993,"Belgium") #European Union
    session.execute_write(create_organization, "UN",1945,"US") #United Nations
    session.execute_write(create_organization, "World Bank",1944,"US")

driver.close()

```

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![laureee777](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/l/d9b06d/32.png) [@laureee777](https://community.neo4j.com/u/laureee777)\
**Post date:** [November 23, 2022, 12:43pm UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030/4 "2022-11-23T12:43:04Z")

</div>

Thank You! It is working.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![laureee777](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/l/d9b06d/32.png) [@laureee777](https://community.neo4j.com/u/laureee777)\
**Post date:** [November 23, 2022, 9:10am UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030/5 "2022-11-23T09:10:40Z")

</div>

I tried to write silimar code as you recommended, but I got an error, maybe you know what is wrong and how to fix it?

My code:

def create\_country(tx, name,continent,population\_mln,govrm\_system):  
tx.run("CREATE (a:Country {name: $name,continent: $continent,population\_mln: $population\_mln,govrm\_system:$govrm\_system})", name=name,continent=continent,population\_mln=population\_mln,govrm\_system=govrm\_system)

def create\_bordering\_country(tx, name, bcountry):  
tx.run("MERGE (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $name"  
"MERGE (b:Country) WHERE b.name = $bcountry"  
"MERGE (a)-[:HAS\_BORDER\_WITH]-(b) RETURN a.name")

def create\_organization(tx, name,founded,headquarters):  
tx.run("CREATE (a:Organization {name: $name,founded: $founded,headquarters: $headquarters})", name=name,founded=founded,headquarters=headquarters)

def create\_head\_of\_state(tx, name,term):  
tx.run("CREATE (a:head\_of\_state {name: $name,term: $term})", name=name,term=term)

with driver.session() as session:  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "russia","Asia",143,"terrorist state")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "India","Asia",1393,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "China","Asia",1412,"One-party state")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Poland","Europe",37,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Kazakhstan","Asia",19,"Presidential system Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Lithuania","Europe",2.7,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Finland","Europe",5.5,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Philipines","Asia",111,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Japan","Asia",125,"Constitutional Monarchy")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Germany","Europoe",83,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Czechia","Europoe",10,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Austria","Europoe",9,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "V.Putin",2000)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Droupadi Murmu",2022)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Xi Jinping",2013)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "A.Duda",2015)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",2019)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "G.Nausėda",2019)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Sauli Niinistö",2012)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Bongbong Marcos",2022)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Fumio Kishida", 2021)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Frank-Walter Steinmeier",2017)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "M.Zeman",2013)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Alexander Van der Bellen",2017)  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "China")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "India", "China")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Kazakhstan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Lithuania")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Finland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Poland", "Lithuania")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "China", "Japan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Japan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Philipines", "Japan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Philipines", "China")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Germany", "Poland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Austria", "Poland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Czechia", "Poland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Czechia", "Austria")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Czechia", "Germany")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Germany", "Austria")  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "NATO",1949,"Belgium")  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "APEC",1989,"Singapore") #Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "COE",1949,"France") #Council of Europe  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "EU",1993,"Belgium") #European Union  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "UN",1945,"US") #United Nations  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "World Bank",1944,"US")

driver.close()

Error I get:

CypherSyntaxError: {code: Neo.ClientError.Statement.SyntaxError} {message: Invalid input 'WHERE': expected  
"("  
"CALL"  
"CREATE"  
"DELETE"  
"DETACH"  
"FOREACH"  
"LOAD"  
"MATCH"  
"MERGE"  
"ON"  
"OPTIONAL"  
"REMOVE"  
"RETURN"  
"SET"  
"UNION"  
"UNWIND"  
"USE"  
"WITH"  
 (line 1, column 19 (offset: 18))  
"MERGE (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $nameMERGE (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $bcountryMERGE (a)-[:HAS\_BORDER\_WITH]-(a) RETURN a.name"  
^}

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![laureee777](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/l/d9b06d/32.png) [@laureee777](https://community.neo4j.com/u/laureee777)\
**Post date:** [November 23, 2022, 9:06am UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030/6 "2022-11-23T09:06:57Z")

</div>

I have tried similar as You recommend, but I get an error. Maybe You know what is wrong:

def create\_country(tx, name,continent,population\_mln,govrm\_system):  
tx.run("CREATE (a:Country {name: $name,continent: $continent,population\_mln: $population\_mln,govrm\_system:$govrm\_system})", name=name,continent=continent,population\_mln=population\_mln,govrm\_system=govrm\_system)

def create\_bordering\_country(tx, name, bcountry):  
tx.run("MERGE (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $name"  
"MERGE (b:Country) WHERE b.name = $bcountry"  
"MERGE (a)-[:HAS\_BORDER\_WITH]-(b) RETURN a.name")

def create\_organization(tx, name,founded,headquarters):  
tx.run("CREATE (a:Organization {name: $name,founded: $founded,headquarters: $headquarters})", name=name,founded=founded,headquarters=headquarters)

def create\_head\_of\_state(tx, name,term):  
tx.run("CREATE (a:head\_of\_state {name: $name,term: $term})", name=name,term=term)

with driver.session() as session:  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "russia","Asia",143,"terrorist state")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "India","Asia",1393,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "China","Asia",1412,"One-party state")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Poland","Europe",37,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Kazakhstan","Asia",19,"Presidential system Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Lithuania","Europe",2.7,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Finland","Europe",5.5,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Philipines","Asia",111,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Japan","Asia",125,"Constitutional Monarchy")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Germany","Europoe",83,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Czechia","Europoe",10,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_country, "Austria","Europoe",9,"Parliamentary Republic")  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "V.Putin",2000)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Droupadi Murmu",2022)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Xi Jinping",2013)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "A.Duda",2015)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Kassym-Jomart Tokayev",2019)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "G.Nausėda",2019)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Sauli Niinistö",2012)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Bongbong Marcos",2022)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Fumio Kishida", 2021)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Frank-Walter Steinmeier",2017)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "M.Zeman",2013)  
session.execute\_write(create\_head\_of\_state, "Alexander Van der Bellen",2017)  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "China")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "India", "China")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Kazakhstan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Lithuania")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Finland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Poland", "Lithuania")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "China", "Japan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Russia", "Japan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Philipines", "Japan")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Philipines", "China")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Germany", "Poland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Austria", "Poland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Czechia", "Poland")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Czechia", "Austria")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Czechia", "Germany")  
session.execute\_write(create\_bordering\_country, "Germany", "Austria")  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "NATO",1949,"Belgium")  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "APEC",1989,"Singapore") #Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "COE",1949,"France") #Council of Europe  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "EU",1993,"Belgium") #European Union  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "UN",1945,"US") #United Nations  
session.execute\_write(create\_organization, "World Bank",1944,"US")

driver.close()

Error I get:

CypherSyntaxError: {code: Neo.ClientError.Statement.SyntaxError} {message: Invalid input 'WHERE': expected  
"("  
"CALL"  
"CREATE"  
"DELETE"  
"DETACH"  
"FOREACH"  
"LOAD"  
"MATCH"  
"MERGE"  
"ON"  
"OPTIONAL"  
"REMOVE"  
"RETURN"  
"SET"  
"UNION"  
"UNWIND"  
"USE"  
"WITH"  
 (line 1, column 19 (offset: 18))  
"MERGE (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $nameMERGE (a:Country) WHERE a.name = $bcountryMERGE (a)-[:HAS\_BORDER\_WITH]-(a) RETURN a.name"  
^}

---

<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![glilienfield](https://sea1.discourse-cdn.com/flex021/user_avatar/community.neo4j.com/glilienfield/32/27534_2.png) [@glilienfield](https://community.neo4j.com/u/glilienfield)\
**Post date:** [November 23, 2022, 12:42pm UTC](https://community.neo4j.com/t/creating-relations-between-countries-in-neo4j-using-python/59030/7 "2022-11-23T12:42:24Z")

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If you look at the error, you see that the cypher is missing a space before the second and third merge clause. As such the statement cannot be parsed. Also you don’t pass the values for name and bCountry in your ‘run’ method. Finally, you have the cypher as three strings, back to back. This code is in your create\_boarding\_country method.